Which Cryptocurrencies Survive Quantum Computing?

The only research-backed leaderboard measuring 49 cryptocurrencies on quantum resistance. Built on NIST post-quantum standards, on-chain cryptographic analysis, and weekly protocol monitoring.

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How We Score

7-Dimension Scoring Model NIST-Aligned Standards Weekly Updates Open Methodology

Quantum Resistance Leaderboard

Every cryptocurrency relies on cryptographic primitives that quantum computers will eventually break. Our V5.1 scoring model measures signature resistance, consensus security, key protection, crypto-agility, and operational mitigations to quantify each project’s quantum resistance.

Quantum-Ready (71-100) Upgrade Recommended (31-70) Action Needed (0-30)

Cryptocurrency Quantum Resistance Leaderboard

49 cryptocurrencies

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Coin Info						Resistance Scores			7 Dimension Scores						Crypto-Agility Sub-Components (0-10)			Dependency		Metadata
Rank	Symbol	Name	Blockchain Type	Signature	Hash	Base	QRC Score	Band	Sig Risk	Key Exp	Pair/KZG	Hash Sec	Agility	Op Mits	Gov	Acct	Eco	Class	Mult	Confidence	Flags	Calculated	Engine
1	QRL	Quantum Resistant Ledger	Layer 1	XMSS	SHA-256	`81.95`	`81.95`	Green	`95.00`	`0.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.33`	`10.0`	`0.00`	`0.00`	`10.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
2	ZEC	Zcash	Layer 1	RedJubjub	Blake2b-512	`42.50`	`42.50`	Yellow	`5.00`	`0.00`	`1.0`	`0.0`	`0.00`	`5.0`	`0.00`	`0.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
3	XMR	Monero	Layer 1	Ed25519	Keccak-256	`41.75`	`41.75`	Yellow	`5.00`	`30.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`7.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
4	BTC	Bitcoin	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`41.75`	`41.75`	Yellow	`5.00`	`35.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`4.33`	`4.0`	`1.00`	`2.00`	`10.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
5	KAS	Kaspa	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`37.95`	`37.95`	Yellow	`5.00`	`35.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`2.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	Medium		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
6	LTC	Litecoin	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Scrypt	`37.20`	`37.20`	Yellow	`5.00`	`40.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`2.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
7	BCH	Bitcoin Cash	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`36.80`	`36.80`	Yellow	`5.00`	`40.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.00`	`2.0`	`4.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
8	DOGE	Dogecoin	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Scrypt	`36.00`	`36.00`	Yellow	`5.00`	`40.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`1.33`	`2.0`	`2.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
9	TAO	Bittensor	Layer 1	sr25519	Blake2b-256	`34.95`	`34.95`	Yellow	`10.00`	`0.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.67`	`0.0`	`0.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
10	HBAR	Hedera	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-384	`33.75`	`33.75`	Yellow	`5.00`	`40.00`	`0.0`	`5.0`	`3.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
11	STX	Stacks	Layer 2	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`33.50`	`33.50`	Yellow	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
12	DOT	Polkadot	Layer 1	sr25519	Blake2b-256	`32.25`	`32.25`	Yellow	`10.00`	`72.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`7.67`	`3.0`	`10.00`	`8.00`	`5.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
13	SOL	Solana	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-512	`31.45`	`31.45`	Yellow	`5.00`	`85.00`	`0.0`	`0.0`	`4.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`3.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
14	ETC	Ethereum Classic	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`30.50`	`30.50`	Red	`5.00`	`80.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`1.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
15	FIL	Filecoin	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`30.50`	`30.50`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
16	TIA	Celestia	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-256	`28.90`	`28.90`	Red	`5.00`	`60.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`6.00`	`1.0`	`10.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
17	NEAR	Near Protocol	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-256	`28.55`	`28.55`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`7.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`10.00`	`4.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
18	ATOM	Cosmos	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`28.35`	`28.35`	Red	`5.00`	`76.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`6.00`	`3.0`	`10.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
19	ADA	Cardano	Layer 1	Ed25519	Blake2b-256	`28.05`	`28.05`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`3.0`	`7.00`	`4.00`	`4.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
20	ICP	Internet Computer	Layer 1	BLS12-381	SHA-256	`27.70`	`27.70`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.67`	`2.0`	`9.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
21	ALGO	Algorand	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-512/256	`27.60`	`27.60`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`3.0`	`7.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
22	SUI	Sui	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-256	`27.25`	`27.25`	Red	`5.00`	`65.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`4.67`	`2.0`	`6.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
23	INJ	Injective	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`27.10`	`27.10`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`6.00`	`1.0`	`10.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
24	THETA	Theta Network	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-384	`26.25`	`26.25`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`5.0`	`2.33`	`1.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
25	MNT	Mantle	Layer 2	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`26.20`	`26.20`	Red	`5.00`	`60.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`1.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
26	APT	Aptos	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-256	`25.75`	`25.75`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`4.67`	`2.0`	`6.00`	`8.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
27	XLM	Stellar	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-256	`24.55`	`24.55`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.00`	`1.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
28	VET	VeChain	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`24.50`	`24.50`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`1.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
29	AVAX	Avalanche	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`24.00`	`24.00`	Red	`5.00`	`84.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`4.33`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
30	FTM	Fantom	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`24.00`	`24.00`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`2.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
31	LDO	Lido DAO	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`23.15`	`23.15`	Red	`5.00`	`85.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`2.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
32	XRP	XRP	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	SHA-256	`23.00`	`23.00`	Red	`5.00`	`80.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`1.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
33	TON	Toncoin	Layer 1	Ed25519	SHA-256	`22.95`	`22.95`	Red	`5.00`	`75.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.33`	`2.0`	`5.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
34	IMX	Immutable X	Layer 2	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.70`	`22.70`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.33`	`1.0`	`2.00`	`6.00`	`2.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
35	BNB	BNB Chain	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.70`	`22.70`	Red	`5.00`	`87.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
36	CRO	Cronos	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.70`	`22.70`	Red	`5.00`	`85.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`3.00`	`2.0`	`7.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
37	TRX	TRON	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.65`	`22.65`	Red	`5.00`	`80.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`2.67`	`1.0`	`6.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
38	OP	Optimism	Layer 2	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`24.75`	`22.50`	Red	`5.00`	`65.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`0.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Layer 2 native token	`1.10x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
39	ARB	Arbitrum	Layer 2	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`24.00`	`21.82`	Red	`5.00`	`70.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`0.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Layer 2 native token	`1.10x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
40	RPL	Rocket Pool	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.50`	`18.75`	Red	`5.00`	`80.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`0.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Single-host token with upgrade keys	`1.20x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
41	OKB	OKB	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`18.75`	`18.75`	Red	`5.00`	`85.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`1.33`	`2.0`	`2.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Unknown	`1.00x`	Medium	GAP	2025-12-04 00:00	V51
42	MATIC	Polygon	Layer 2	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.90`	`17.62`	Red	`5.00`	`86.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`4.33`	`3.0`	`7.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Hybrid L1/L2 token with bridge dependencies	`1.30x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
43	ETH	Ethereum	Layer 1	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`16.20`	`16.20`	Red	`5.00`	`88.00`	`1.0`	`10.0`	`5.67`	`3.0`	`4.00`	`6.00`	`7.00`	Native Layer 1 blockchain token	`1.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
44	GRT	The Graph	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`22.50`	`15.00`	Red	`5.00`	`80.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`0.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Multi-chain (2-3 chains) with upgrade keys	`1.50x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
45	RNDR	Render	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`17.35`	`12.39`	Red	`5.00`	`85.00`	`0.0`	`10.0`	`1.33`	`0.0`	`2.00`	`2.00`	`0.00`	Multi-chain (2 chains), decentralized	`1.40x`	Medium		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
46	LINK	Chainlink	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`10.65`	`9.26`	Red	`5.00`	`87.00`	`1.0`	`10.0`	`2.67`	`0.0`	`2.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Single-host token, decentralized deployment	`1.15x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
47	UNI	Uniswap	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`13.75`	`9.17`	Red	`5.00`	`85.00`	`1.0`	`10.0`	`5.00`	`0.0`	`9.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Multi-chain (2-3 chains) with upgrade keys	`1.50x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
48	SHIB	Shiba Inu	Token	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`10.50`	`9.13`	Red	`5.00`	`88.00`	`1.0`	`10.0`	`2.67`	`0.0`	`2.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Single-host token, decentralized deployment	`1.15x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51
49	WBTC	Wrapped Bitcoin	Wrapped Asset	ECDSA_secp256k1	Keccak-256	`10.20`	`5.10`	Red	`5.00`	`90.00`	`1.0`	`10.0`	`2.67`	`0.0`	`2.00`	`6.00`	`0.00`	Wrapped asset with centralized custodian	`2.00x`	High		2025-12-04 00:00	V51

V5.1 Quantum Resistance Scoring - Column Guide:

Base: Weighted resistance score before dependency adjustment
QRC Score: Final Quantum Resistance Score (higher = better protected)
Sig Risk: Signature algorithm vulnerability (inverted: 100 = most vulnerable)
Key Exp: % of supply with exposed public keys (0-100%)
Pair/KZG: Pairing-based crypto exposure
Hash Sec: Hash function security level
Agility: Crypto-agility score (ability to upgrade)
Op Mits: Operational mitigations in place
Gov: Governance lead time (0-10)
Acct: Account flexibility (0-10)
Eco: Ecosystem readiness (0-10)
Mult: Dependency multiplier (affects final score)

Risk Bands: GREEN (71-100) = High Resistance YELLOW (31-70) = Moderate Resistance RED (0-30) = Low Resistance

Scores updated weekly based on protocol changes, roadmap announcements, and cryptographic research. View full methodology →

Understand the Quantum Threat

Whether you’re new to quantum computing or evaluating your portfolio’s exposure, these guides provide the foundation you need.

What Breaks When Quantum Arrives

ECDSA, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography secure nearly every blockchain today. Quantum computers running Shor’s algorithm will break these primitives, exposing private keys and undermining the security model of most cryptocurrencies.

Learn the Basics →

How We Score Quantum Resistance

Our V5.1 7-dimension model measures signature resistance, consensus security, key protection, crypto-agility, hash strength, pairing-free status, and operational mitigations. Higher scores indicate stronger quantum resistance.

See the Methodology →

Deep Dives: Bitcoin, Ethereum & More

Detailed quantum resistance analysis of major cryptocurrencies. We examine each project’s signature schemes, consensus mechanisms, governance processes, and migration roadmaps with full technical documentation.

Read Case Studies →

Research Highlights

Key insights from our ongoing analysis of quantum computing’s impact on cryptocurrency security.

Key Finding

Post-Quantum Cryptography is Now Official

NIST has finalized three post-quantum cryptographic standards: ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA. These algorithms provide the foundation for quantum-resistant cryptocurrency upgrades.

Learn more →

Risk Alert

The Hidden Risk: Already-Exposed Public Keys

Approximately 25% of Bitcoin’s supply sits behind already-exposed public keys from address reuse. These coins face immediate risk when quantum computers arrive—no transaction required to steal them.

See the analysis →

Industry Watch

Why “Quantum-Proof” Claims Deserve Scrutiny

Not all post-quantum claims are equal. We evaluate the cryptographic rigor, implementation maturity, and migration pathways behind each project’s quantum resistance claims.

Read our assessment →

Timeline

When Does This Become Real?

Expert estimates for cryptographically relevant quantum computers range from 2030 to 2045. But “harvest now, decrypt later” attacks mean the threat window has already opened for long-term holdings.

Explore the timeline →

Built on Rigorous Research

Our scoring model reflects current academic understanding of the quantum threat to cryptography, aligned with NIST’s post-quantum cryptography standards finalized in August 2024.

Dimension	Weight	What It Measures
Signature Resistance	35%	Quantum strength of signature algorithms (ECDSA, EdDSA, XMSS)
Consensus Security	15%	Protocol-level quantum dependency (PoW vs PoS vs BFT)
Key Protection	15%	Percentage of value behind unexposed public keys
Crypto-Agility	12%	Ability to upgrade cryptographic primitives
Hash Strength	8%	Post-Grover security margin of hash functions
Pairing-Free Status	8%	Avoidance of BLS signatures and KZG commitments
Operational Mitigations	7%	Active measures reducing quantum exposure

Higher scores indicate stronger quantum resistance. Scores range from 0 (critical vulnerability) to 100 (fully quantum-resistant). Dependency Multiplier applied as divisor for wrapped assets.

Explore Full Methodology →

Where to Start

New to Quantum Computing?

Start with our beginner’s guide covering why quantum computers threaten current cryptography, what Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms do, and why this matters for your cryptocurrency holdings. No physics degree required.

Read the Quantum Primer →

Assessing Your Portfolio?

Use our leaderboard to evaluate your holdings. Filter by resistance tier or migration status. Each cryptocurrency page includes detailed resistance analysis, governance assessment, and links to official PQC roadmaps where available.

Explore the Leaderboard →

Building or Operating a Protocol?

Dive into our technical methodology. Learn how we evaluate signature schemes, assess governance agility, and measure migration readiness. Understand what steps move the needle on quantum resistance scores.

Review the Methodology →

Stay Ahead of the Quantum Threat

Weekly rankings on protocol migrations, NIST updates, and Q-Day timeline analysis. Get actionable data before they’re priced in.

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Last updated: December 4, 2025 | Scoring Engine V5.1